An out-of-frame gene product, also known as a non-coding RNA or non-coding transcript, is a type of RNA that is transcribed from a gene but does not contain the information to produce a protein. Instead, it has a regulatory function in gene expression, and can serve as a scaffold or decoy to interact with other molecules in the cell. Synonyms for out-of-frame gene product include functional RNA, regulatory RNA, non-coding RNA, and transcribed non-coding element. These terms reflect the diverse roles that non-coding RNAs can play in the cell, and emphasize the importance of studying them in order to understand the complexity of gene regulation.