Palaeogene is a geological era that spans from around 66 million to 23 million years ago. This era is also known as the age of the mammal, as it marked the appearance and expansion of many mammalian orders. Synonyms for Palaeogene include the Eocene epoch, the Oligocene epoch, and the Rupelian age. The Eocene epoch saw the origin of many modern mammals and the spread of tropical forests. The Oligocene epoch witnessed the decline of the early horses, the emergence of the first elephants, and the spread of grasslands. The Rupelian age is notable for the emergence of the first primates and the decline of many marine species.