Peliosis hepatis is a rare medical condition that affects the liver. It is characterized by the presence of blood-filled cavities or cysts in the liver tissue, which can cause liver dysfunction and even liver failure. This condition is also known by various synonyms such as hepatic peliosis, peliosis hepatica, and blood-filled cysts of the liver. Other synonyms for peliosis hepatis include benign blood-filled spaces, cystic spaces, and blood-filled hepatic lesions. Although the exact cause of peliosis hepatis is unknown, it has been associated with the use of certain medications, anabolic steroids, and infections such as HIV and tuberculosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of peliosis hepatis are crucial to prevent serious complications.