Pentobarbital sodium is a barbiturate that is commonly used as a sedative, anesthetic, and hypnotic medication. Some synonyms for pentobarbital sodium include Nembutal, Natrium pentobarbital, Pentobarbitalnatrium, and Sodium pentobarbital. Nembutal is one of the most well-known brand names for pentobarbital sodium and has been used for euthanasia of both humans and animals. Natrium pentobarbital is the German term for this medication. Pentobarbitalnatrium is the Netherlands term for the medication. Sodium pentobarbital is the chemical name for the compound. The use of pentobarbital sodium is highly regulated due to its potential for addiction and abuse.