Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV) is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye. It is caused by the failure of the fetal hyaloid vascular system to regress, which results in the formation of a fibrovascular tissue in the vitreous body. This condition may lead to a loss of vision, nystagmus, and occasionally strabismus. Synonyms for PHPV include persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous syndrome (PHPVS), and persistent tunica vasculosa lentis (PTVL). Other terms used to describe this condition are cataract with elongated ciliary processes and cataract with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. Physicians and patients should be aware of these synonyms to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of PHPV.