Phlebotominae refers to a subfamily of insects commonly known as sand flies. These tiny insects are known for their ability to transmit serious diseases such as leishmaniasis, bartonellosis and sand fly fever. Although the term Phlebotominae is most commonly used to refer to these insects, there are several other synonyms that can be used to describe this subfamily. These include sandfly, papatasi and Lutzomyia. Regardless of the term used to describe them, it is important to take measures to protect oneself from these insects given their potential health risks. Preventative measures include using insect repellent and avoiding outdoor activities during times of high sand fly activity.