The Pliocene Epoch, which lasted from 5.3 million to 2.6 million years ago, was marked by the evolution of many modern species of plants and animals. It is also sometimes referred to as the Pliocene Age, Pliocene Period, or simply Pliocene. Other words that can be used as synonyms for the Pliocene Epoch include the Late Tertiary, Upper Tertiary, or Neogene Period. The Pliocene is significant because it saw the beginning of the cooling trend that eventually led to the ice ages, and the rise of large land mammals such as mammoths and sabre-toothed cats. It also saw the emergence of early hominids, adding to its importance in understanding the history of human evolution.