The group gradually differentiated and finally divided through the separation of the ponka, probably about the middle of the seventeenth century.
"The Siouan Indians"
W. J. McGee
The moon was wakanda among the Osage and the stars among the Omaha and ponka, yet they seem to have occupied subordinate positions; the winds and the four quarters were apparently given higher rank; and, in individual cases, the mythic water-monsters or earth-deities seem to have occupied leading positions.
"The Siouan Indians"
W. J. McGee
This is especially the case in tribes where the secret society continues in all its power, as among the Osage, the ponka, and the Kansa.
"Osage Traditions"
J. Owen Dorsey
