The posterior auricular artery, also known as the auriculotemporal artery, is a branch of the external carotid artery that provides blood supply to the ear and scalp. Other synonyms for this artery include the occipital artery, which also supplies the scalp, and the stylomastoid artery, which is responsible for the blood supply to the facial muscles. The superficial temporal artery, another branch of the external carotid artery, also contributes to the blood supply to the ear and surrounding structures. Overall, the posterior auricular artery and its synonyms play important roles in maintaining the health and function of the head and neck regions.