Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to a decline in cognitive function following surgery. However, there are several synonyms for this term, including postoperative cognitive decline, postoperative delirium, surgery-induced cognitive impairment, and post-anesthesia cognitive impairment. These terms are often used interchangeably depending on the context and scope of the study. Regardless of the terminology, it is crucial to identify and address the cognitive changes that can occur after surgery as they may significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Understanding the risk factors and management strategies for postoperative cognitive dysfunction is critical for healthcare professionals working in surgical settings.