Proper acceleration, also known as coordinate acceleration, is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the acceleration experienced by an object as it moves through space. It is equivalent to the rate of change of the object's velocity with respect to its proper time. Some synonyms for proper acceleration include coordinate acceleration, four-acceleration, and vector acceleration. Coordinate acceleration, in particular, is used to describe the change in an object's velocity due to a change in its coordinates, while four-acceleration refers to the object's acceleration in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. Vector acceleration, on the other hand, is the acceleration exerted on an object by a force, measured as the rate of change of its velocity in a specific direction.