The phrase "put on/wear a hair shirt" originates from a medieval practice of wearing a rough, uncomfortable garment or shirt made out of animal hair as a symbol of penance or humility. Today, it is used figuratively to describe someone who is punishing themselves or being overly self-critical. Other synonyms for this expression include self-flagellation, self-punishment, self-mortification, self-sacrifice, or self-abnegation. These words all connote a sense of deliberate suffering or hardship inflicted on oneself as a means of atonement for perceived sins or faults, and can be used interchangeably with "put on/wear a hair shirt" to describe a person's self-imposed suffering or penitence.