Refraction is a phenomenon that occurs when light passes from one medium to another of different density. The refractive index measures the degree to which the light changes direction as it passes through the medium. Synonyms for refractive index include refractivity, index of refraction, and optical density. It is a crucial parameter in the study of optics, and it is used to calculate the speed of light in a given medium. The refractive index affects the behavior of light in optics and is an important property used in the construction of lenses, prisms, and other optical devices. Other related terms include total internal reflection, dispersion, and critical angle.