Respiratory acidosis is a medical condition caused by an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body, which results in an increase in acidity levels in the bloodstream. Some synonyms for this condition include hypercapnia, carbon dioxide retention, and ventilatory failure. Additional terms that are often used interchangeably with respiratory acidosis include respiratory failure, hypoventilation, and acidemia. The symptoms and treatment options are largely dependent upon the underlying cause of the respiratory acidosis, which may include lung disease, neuromuscular disorders, or other complications. Prompt diagnosis and proper management of respiratory acidosis are crucial to prevent potentially life-threatening complications.