Riboswitches are genetic regulatory elements involved in cellular gene expression. They are RNA molecules that bind small molecules and regulate the transcription or translation of genes. There are different types of riboswitches named based on the small molecule ligands they bind. Some of the synonyms for riboswitch include aptazymes, metabolite-responsive RNA switches, genetic control via riboswitches, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT), and RNA-based genetic switches. The study of riboswitches is gaining attention as they have the potential to be used as a tool for gene therapy, antibiotic development, and biotechnology. Understanding the mechanism and identification of new riboswitches will help in identifying potential targets for drug development.