Scorification refers to the process of separating impurities from ore by heating it to a high temperature and then measuring the remaining metal content. Synonyms for scorification include calcination, roasting, smelting, refining, and heat treatment. Calcination refers to the process of heating an ore to a high temperature to drive off water and other volatile substances, leaving behind the pure metal. Roasting is the process of heating an ore in the presence of oxygen to oxidize impurities. Smelting is a process of melting an ore to separate the metal from other materials. Refining is the process of purifying a metal by removing impurities, and heat treatment involves altering the properties of metals by heating and cooling them in a controlled manner.