The sedimentation rate, also known as erythrocyte sedimentation rate or ESR, refers to the measure of the rate at which red blood cells settle in a tube in one hour. This is a useful test that helps doctors to diagnose and monitor various inflammatory conditions such as infections, arthritis, and autoimmune diseases. While sedimentation rate is the widely accepted term, there are other words and phrases that are synonymous with it. Some of these include erythrocyte settling rate, sedimentation ratio, sedimentation index, Rouleaux formation rate, plasma viscosity, and erythrocyte aggregation rate. These terms may be used interchangeably depending on the context and preference of the medical professional.