It was not until the Twelfth Century of our era that the Pentateuch as a whole was subjected to rational scrutiny.but... it was not until five hundred years later that anything properly describable as scientific criticism... came into being. Its earliest shining lights were the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, and the Amsterdam Jew, Baruch Spinoza. ..and ever since then the Old Testament has been under searching and devastating examination.
Thomas Hobbes