Sigmodon hispidus is commonly referred to as the "hispid cotton rat" due to its long and rough fur. It is also called the "Alabama cotton rat" as it is common in Alabama's coastal plain. Other synonyms for Sigmodon hispidus include the "eastern cotton rat," "hairy-tailed cotton rat," "scrub rat," and "spiny rat." The species is known for being a carrier of hantavirus, a viral respiratory disease that can be fatal to humans. Despite this, Sigmodon hispidus plays an important role in the food chain, serving as prey for several species of predators such as birds of prey and snakes.