A small ear reflector, either held in the hand or attached to a forehead band, and a set of aural Specula are required.
"Manual of Surgery Volume Second: Extremities--Head--Neck. Sixth Edition."
Alexander Miles Alexis Thomson
The original improvers of telescopes would probably think, that as long as the size of the Specula and the length of the tubes could be increased, the powers and advantages of the instrument would increase; but experience has since taught us, that the smallness of the field, the deficiency of light, and the circumstance of the atmosphere being magnified, prevent the beneficial results that were to be expected from telescopes of extraordinary size and power.
"An Essay on the Principle of Population"
Thomas Malthus
Being desirous of possessing a more powerful instrument, and not having the means to purchase one, he commenced the manufacture of Specula, the grinding and polishing of which had to be done by hand, entailing the necessity of tedious labour and the exercise of much patience.
"The Astronomy of Milton's 'Paradise Lost'"
Thomas Orchard