What is another word for strip away?
Pronunciation: [stɹˈɪp ɐwˈe͡ɪ] (IPA) 
The phrase "strip away" can be replaced with other synonyms such as "remove," "take off," or "peel off." These alternatives can be useful when describing the act of removing something in a physical sense, such as stripping away layers of paint or peeling off a sticker. In a more figurative sense, "strip away" can also mean to rid someone or something of a particular quality or characteristic. In this context, synonyms such as "erase," "eliminate," or "strip off" may be appropriate. Using different synonyms can add variety and depth to writing, making it more engaging and informative for readers.
