Systems theories refer to a group of ideas and concepts that explore the complex relationships and interconnections between different components within a system. This interdisciplinary field draws upon multiple disciplines, including mathematics, biology, psychology, and sociology, to describe how different processes and structures operate within a system. Synonyms for systems theories include systems thinking, holistic thinking, systems science, and cybernetics. Each of these terms describes a specific aspect of systems theories, including the analysis of how different components within a system interact and influence one another, the importance of considering the system as a whole, and the use of mathematical models to understand complex systems.