The twelfth nerve, commonly known as the hypoglossal nerve, belongs to the cranial nerves in the human body. This vital neural structure controls the movement of muscles responsible for tongue mobility. Synonyms for the term "twelfth nerve" include cranial nerve XII, hypoglossal cranial nerve, nervus hypoglossus, or simply hypoglossal nerve. Its significance lies in facilitating various essential functions such as swallowing, speaking, chewing, and controlling tongue position during sleep. Any disruption or damage to the twelfth nerve can lead to conditions like difficulty in articulating speech, weakness or atrophy of tongue muscles, and challenges while swallowing.