What is another word for vertical integration?
Pronunciation: [vˈɜːtɪkə͡l ˌɪntɪɡɹˈe͡ɪʃən] (IPA) 
Vertical integration describes a business strategy where a company controls every aspect of production from raw materials to the final product delivery. However, there are multiple synonyms for vertical integration that are often used interchangeably in the business world, including converged supply chains, end-to-end operations, closed-loop systems, full-stack business models, unified operations, and vertical supply chains. While the term vertical integration remains the most commonly used term, these synonyms better describe the process of engaging with suppliers, distributors, and logistics partners to streamline the production process and provide customers with a complete, high-quality experience. Regardless of the terminology used, vertical integration is a powerful strategy for businesses seeking to reduce costs, enhance control, and remain competitive in their market.
