Ad hominems are personal attacks that target an individual instead of their argument. Synonyms for ad hominems include personal attacks, character assassination, mudslinging, name-calling, and smear campaigns. These tactics are commonly used to deflect attention from the argument being made, and instead focus on discrediting the character of the speaker. Using ad hominems in debate or discussion can be a sign of weakness and a lack of reasoned argument. Instead, it is important to focus on the substance of the argument and engage with the ideas being presented, rather than attacking the person making them.