Alport Syndrome is a genetic condition that can affect the eyes, ears and kidneys. This disease is caused by mutations in genes that code for proteins in the basement membrane of the kidneys and other organs. Alternative terms for Alport Syndrome include hereditary nephritis, familial hematuria, and Alport disease. Hereditary nephritis indicates that the disease is passed down genetically from parents to children, while familial hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine that is characteristic of Alport Syndrome. Alport disease is used interchangeably with Alport Syndrome and includes all of the clinical symptoms associated with the condition. While there is no cure for Alport Syndrome, early detection and treatment can help to slow down the progression of the disease.