Balkan Endemic Nephropathy is a kidney disease that is endemic to the Balkan region. It is a chronic disease that often leads to kidney failure. The disease is also known by various synonyms such as Balkan nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephritis, and Balkan endemic disease. Other phrases used to describe the disease include Danubian endemic nephropathy, Southeast Europe nephropathy, and Balkan nephritis. The disease has been studied for many years and scientists have discovered that the cause is likely related to exposure to specific environmental toxins in the region. While efforts have been made to reduce the prevalence of the disease, it continues to be a significant health issue in the Balkans.