Bilharzial cor pulmonale is a medical condition that occurs when the lungs and heart are damaged by schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematodes or blood flukes. In addition to bilharzial cor pulmonale, some other synonyms used to describe this condition include schistosomal cardiopulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension secondary to schistosomiasis, and schistosomiasis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Whatever term is used, the condition involves damage to the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of the heart, leading to respiratory and cardiac symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and peripheral edema. Treatment may include medications to improve heart function and manage hypertension, as well as addressing the underlying schistosomiasis with antiparasitic drugs.