The brain stem is a complex structure that plays a vital role in our body's function. It is responsible for controlling our most basic and essential functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. Synonyms for the brain stem include the medulla oblongata, the midbrain, and the pons. The medulla oblongata is the lowest part of the brainstem that connects to the spinal cord. The midbrain is located above the medulla and controls sensory and motor functions. The pons is located above the medulla and connects the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord. Each of these parts of the brain stem plays a critical role in our overall health.