The phrase "bust one's chops" is a colloquial expression that refers to harsh criticism or verbal harassment. There are several synonyms that can be used in place of this phrase, including "give someone a hard time," "harass," "nag," "heckle," "bother," "needle," and "pester." These terms all imply some level of aggression or annoyance towards the person being targeted. Other synonyms might include "taunt," "ridicule," "mock," or "deride." The overall meaning of these synonyms is to provoke, irritate, or annoy someone, often for amusement or frustration. While it's important to be mindful of our language and its impact, these kinds of expressions can add texture and color to our communication.