What is another word for calque formation?
Pronunciation: [kˈalk fɔːmˈe͡ɪʃən] (IPA) 
Calque formation refers to the process of creating a new word or phrase by translating a foreign expression word-for-word. Synonyms for this term include loan translation, literal translation, and borrowing by translation. Loan translation signifies the borrowing of expression from another language and incorporating it into the host language. The term literal translation denotes a method of translation that adheres strictly to the meaning of words, often at the expense of flow or elegance. Borrowing by translation is another commonly used synonym for calque formation, emphasizing the linguistic borrowing of one language by another through word-for-word translation. All these synonyms provide a clear insight into one of the methods used in language development and how languages evolve over time by adopting foreign words.
