Canicola fever, also known as Weil's disease or leptospirosis, is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is most commonly acquired through contact with contaminated water or soil, particularly in areas with high rainfall. The symptoms of canicola fever include high fever, headache, muscle pain, and potentially life-threatening complications such as kidney and liver damage. Synonyms for canicola fever include: Leptospirosis, Weil's disease, swamp fever, mud fever, and hemorrhagic jaundice. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect that you have been exposed to the bacteria that cause canicola fever. Preventative measures include wearing protective clothing and avoiding contact with contaminated water and soil.