Cardinal vowel is a term used to describe a set of reference vowels that are used to describe the sounds of any language. They are called "cardinal" because they are considered to be standard and significant in defining the different vowel sounds. There are several synonyms to this term including "primary vowel", "fundamental vowel", "standard vowel", and "basic vowel". All these terms refer to the same concept. The cardinal vowels are an essential tool in the study of phonetics, and they help linguists to create a systematic description of vowel sounds across different languages. By using cardinal vowels, researchers can standardize the way of measuring and describing different vowels, no matter what language they belong to.