What is another word for closed-heart surgery?
Pronunciation: [klˈə͡ʊzdhˈɑːt sˈɜːd͡ʒəɹi] (IPA) 
Closed-heart surgery is a term used to describe a surgical procedure that is performed on the heart without the need for a heart-lung bypass machine. Some synonyms for closed-heart surgery include off-pump surgery, beating-heart surgery, and minimal access surgery. These procedures offer several advantages over traditional open-heart surgery, including shorter recovery times, less blood loss, and reduced risk of complications. Off-pump surgery involves the use of special stabilizing devices to immobilize the heart during surgery, while beating-heart surgery is performed while the heart is still beating. Minimal access surgery involves making smaller incisions in the chest, which can lead to less scarring and faster healing times.
