The term "cortical region" refers to a specific area of the brain's cerebral cortex that plays a crucial role in various cognitive and sensory processing functions. There are several synonyms that can be used to describe this part of the brain. These include the neocortex, cerebral cortex, cortical mantle, and gray matter. The neocortex is the most modern and largest part of the cerebral cortex, making up about 76% of the total cortical volume in humans. The term "cortical mantle" refers to the outermost layer of the cerebral cortex, while "gray matter" refers to the cell bodies and dendrites of neurons in the brain.