Cryptorchidy, also known as undescended testes, is a medical condition affecting males where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development. Synonyms for this condition include cryptorchidism, undescended testicles, and maldescended testicles. Additional terms used to refer to cryptorchidy include monorchidism (a condition where only one testicle descends) and ectopic testis (when a testicle descends in an abnormal location). Left untreated, cryptorchidy can result in infertility, testicular cancer, and other health complications. Early diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidy, including surgical intervention and hormone therapy, can help prevent these outcomes and improve overall health outcomes in affected males.