Durum wheat, also known as macaroni wheat or pasta wheat, is a grain that's particularly well-suited for making pasta and couscous. Other synonyms for this type of wheat include hard wheat, which refers to the kernel's hardness, and amber wheat, which describes its reddish-brown color. It's also called semolina flour or semolina wheat, which is a coarser grind of durum wheat used in making pasta, bread, and pizza dough. Durum wheat is among the most widely cultivated grain worldwide, with significant production in North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, and is often used for its high protein content and gluten quality.