Environmental modelling is an essential component of understanding the interconnectedness of ecological systems and the impact of human activities on them. Synonyms for environmental modelling include ecosystem modelling, environmental simulation, ecological modelling, and environmental forecasting. These terms capture the broad range of approaches used to simulate natural processes and predict the potential consequences of human behavior on the environment. Environmental modelling also encompasses regional and global scale studies that take into account biogeochemical cycles, hydrology, atmospheric processes, and other factors that influence natural systems. Ultimately, the goal of environmental modelling is to provide decision-makers with reliable data and insights needed to develop effective policies that promote sustainable development and protect the environment.