External validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be generalized to individuals, settings, and time periods beyond the study sample and conditions. Alternative terms for external validity include generalizability, transferability, applicability, and external relevance. Generalizability encompasses both statistical and practical significance, whereas transferability emphasizes the relevance of findings to different contexts. Applicability emphasizes the usefulness of research findings for practitioners and policymakers. External relevance acknowledges that research findings need to be relevant to the real-world setting, and not just statistically significant. In summary, external validity synonyms signify the importance of the applicability of research findings beyond the study sample.