Functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, is a medical imaging technique that measures brain activity. Synonyms for fMRI include neural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and brain mapping. These terms are often used interchangeably to describe the same technology and process. While fMRI has revolutionized the study of neuroscience by allowing researchers to visualize brain activity in real-time, there are also other types of imaging techniques that can be used alongside or in place of fMRI, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or electroencephalography (EEG). Regardless of the specific imaging technique used, these tools are invaluable for understanding brain function and mapping neural pathways in the human body.