Functional neuroimaging is a critical tool that allows us to understand the human brain's functioning and the neural basis of behavior. Synonyms for this term include brain imaging, neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), and Computed Tomography (CT) scanning. These techniques provide valuable insights into the structure and function of the brain, and their applications extend from basic neuroscience research to the clinical setting. In addition to their diagnostic and research potential, the use of these neuroimaging techniques has advanced our understanding of learning and memory, brain development, and numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders.