Glycosylation is the process of adding sugar molecules to proteins or lipids, altering their structure and function. Synonyms for glycosylation include glycation, glycosylation pathway, glycoconjugation, sugar modification, and carbohydrate modification. These terms are often used interchangeably in scientific literature, describing the same biochemical process. Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification that influences protein folding, stability, solubility, cell signaling, and immune system recognition. Abnormal glycosylation patterns are associated with numerous pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding glycosylation is critical for developing therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines that target glycan structures and their interactions with biological systems.