Randolph and Owen attacked Samuel gompers and the A. F. of L. for failing to be truly biracial.
"The Black Experience in America The Immigrant Heritage of America"
Norman Coombs
Unlike Samuel gompers, who came to supplant him about 1890, he was foreign to that spirit of combative unionism which accepts the wage system but concentrates on a struggle to wrest concessions from the employers.
"A History of Trade Unionism in the United States"
Selig Perlman
The dismal failure of the strike against the tenement house system in cigar making brought home to both Strasser and gompers the weakness of the plan of organization of their union as well as that of American trade unions in general.
"A History of Trade Unionism in the United States"
Selig Perlman
