Homeobox protein Nanog is a crucial transcription factor that plays a vital role in the maintenance and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. The protein is highly conserved across different species, and its expression is tightly regulated during embryonic development. Synonyms for homeobox protein Nanog include transcription factor Nanog, Nanog homeobox protein, and embryonic stem cell-specific transcription factor. Other related proteins that have similar functions include OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4. The study of homeobox protein Nanog and related transcription factors has significant implications for stem cell research and regenerative medicine, as understanding the complex pathways involved in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation could lead to the development of new therapies for a range of diseases.