Hordeum is a Latin word that refers to barley, a cereal grain that is widely cultivated in many parts of the world. There are many synonyms for the word hordeum that are commonly used in various languages. For instance, in French, hordeum is known as orge, while in Spanish, it is called cebada. In Arabic, it is known as sha'ir, and in Icelandic, it is referred to as bygg. In Chinese, the word for barley is mài, and in Japanese, it is known as mugi. These synonyms are useful for people who speak different languages and are interested in learning about the different names for barley around the world.