If it is true that parasites are reacquired each spring-we assume that no temperature factors or immune reactions are delaying development of the worms, and no unusually long external ovic or free-living phase is a necessary part of their life-history-then the host-parasite data can be used as a basis for hypothesizing about the winter life of the salamander.
"Natural History of the Salamander, Aneides hardii"
Richard F. Johnston Gerhard A. Schad