Jail fever is a term used to refer to an infectious disease that was once common in crowded prisons. Synonyms for jail fever include gaol fever, epidemic typhus, and camp fever. The disease is caused by a bacterium called Rickettsia prowazekii and is spread through lice bites. Symptoms of jail fever include fever, headaches, muscle aches, and skin rashes. Although the disease is rare nowadays due to improved sanitation and living conditions in prisons, it can still occur in overcrowded and unsanitary environments. Awareness of these synonyms can help individuals and medical professionals in identifying and treating jail fever more promptly and effectively.