Jakob Creutzfeldt disease (JCD) is a rare and fatal neurological disorder that affects the brain. The disease is also known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), a term often used interchangeably with JCD. Other synonyms for the disease include spongiform encephalopathy, prion disease, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). JCD is caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain, which leads to the death of brain cells, and symptoms such as dementia, memory loss, and personality changes. The disease is progressive, and there is no cure or treatment available to halt its progression. The names used for this disease reflect the different aspects of the disease's pathology and etiology.