Katayama disease, also known as schistosomiasis japonica, is a parasitic infection caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum. This disease mainly affects individuals who reside or visit endemic regions of Asia, particularly China and the Philippines. Although the term "Katayama disease" is commonly used, it is important to note that it is merely a synonym for schistosomiasis japonica. This infectious disease is characterized by fever, cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver and spleen enlargement. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications. Synonyms for Katayama disease are essential to ensure clear communication among healthcare professionals and researchers involved in diagnosing and managing this condition.