Kumkum is an ancient cosmetic material popular among Indian women. It is a red-colored powder used for various cultural and religious ceremonies. In Hinduism, Kumkum symbolizes strength and power and is applied on the forehead as a tilak. It is also used for decorating idols of deities and during weddings. Other synonyms for Kumkum include Sindoor, which is commonly used by married women, and Roli, a term largely used in the northern regions of India.
Other similar terms for Kumkum include haldi, which is a yellow-colored powder, and abeer, a pinkish-red powder used for festive occasions. Women in other parts of the world also use Kumkum for cultural purposes. In some African and Middle Eastern countries, it is used as a cosmetic pigment for the face and body.